Indeed. I lived in Canada in the past, they were doing it for cans, but for bottles it was only glass bottles used in restaurants and bars.

Not everywhere. I have it on plastic coke bottles and also aluminium cans.

For Galileo they have something where basically each message contain something to authenticate the previous one. So this could be fully based on ground segment. Anyway, they have probably countless reasons to update software anyway considering the many services that were added after their launches years ago.

What GNSS satellites do is (approximately) timestamp a message they receive from ground. They don’t really know their position by themselves, they are clocks in orbit.

Galileo has something like that, I don’t know if it’s deployed yet

Btw, software updates are a thing for satellites, but I’m not sure it would be needed for this, it can probably be done on the message sent from ground to the gnss constellation

I concur. It’s not only China, depending on the company’s market it can also be the US, Russia and probably others.

Well, member state representatives in the commission are proposed by the Member State government, then auditioned and vetted by the parliament. It’s indirect democracy but they’re not coming out of nowhere.